{"id":26638,"date":"2024-02-22T07:00:53","date_gmt":"2024-02-22T02:30:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medpip.com\/mag\/?p=26638"},"modified":"2024-02-17T18:12:07","modified_gmt":"2024-02-17T13:42:07","slug":"steps-of-transcription-from-dna-to-rna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medpip.com\/mag\/steps-of-transcription-from-dna-to-rna\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc DNA \u0628\u0647 RNA \u060c \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\n

\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc DNA \u0628\u0647 RNA \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

DNA \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0626\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0644\u0626\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c DNA \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 RNA \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0644\u0626\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc DNA \u0628\u0647 RNA \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645. \u067e\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”25472″ img_size=”full” onclick=”custom_link” link=”https:\/\/medpip.com\/”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\n

\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u00a0DNA \u0628\u0647 RNA<\/span><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0698\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0647 \u00a0\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0645 mRNA (RNA \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646) \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644 DNA \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u00a0\u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 “\u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645” \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 DNA \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. RNA \u0648 DNA \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0622\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc DNA \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u062f\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 DNA \u0648 RNA \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 RNA \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 DNA \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0644 (U) \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0644\u0626\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 RNA \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 RNA \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 DNA \u0628\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\n

\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc DNA \u0628\u0647 RNA \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc DNA \u0628\u0647 RNA \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc mRNA \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f. \u0633\u067e\u0633 mRNA \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

DNA \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 DNA \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. DNA \u06cc\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0644\u0626\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u062f. DNA \u06cc\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

mRNA \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u06cc mRNA \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 RNA \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 polyA \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.a<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc DNA \u0628\u0647 RNA<\/span><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

\u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0698\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc DNA \u0628\u0647 RNA \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200e\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 DNA \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 RNA \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0633\u067e\u0633 RNA \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\n

\u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/span><\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26641″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 (Pre-Initiation) \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 RNA \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0641\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 (\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc) \u0628\u0647 DNA \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u00a0\u0622\u0646\u200c\u0631\u0627 \u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u062e \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f. \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u00a0\u0628\u0647 RNA \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644 DNA \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b 14 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\n

\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/span><\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26643″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]\n

\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 Initiation \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 RNA \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 DNA \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 RNA \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\n

\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631<\/span><\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26644″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]\n

\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631 (Promoter Clearance) \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0631 (Promoter) \u062f\u0631 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 DNA \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0698\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 ‘\u06f5 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0 \u062a\u0627 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c RNA \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc DNA \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 DNA \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b 23 \u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0644\u0626\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 RNA \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a RNA \u0631\u0627 \u0632\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\n

\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26642″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]\n

\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 (Elongation) \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 DNA \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0632 RNA \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u062e \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0698\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\n

\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/span><\/h3>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”26646″ img_size=”full”][vc_column_text]\n

\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647 (Termination) \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc DNA \u0628\u0647 RNA \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0646 mRNA \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0632 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u0644\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u200c\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200e\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0645 \u067e\u0644\u06cc(A) \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc 3′ \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 RNA \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\n

\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/span><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0698\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 DNA \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0626\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0698\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc DNA \u06cc\u06a9 \u0698\u0646 \u062f\u0631 RNA \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_message message_box_color=”violet” icon_fontawesome=”fa fa-book”]\n

Steps of transcription from DNA to RNA<\/a>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_message][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n\n\n

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\n \u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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